PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - NIKOLAOS GARMPIS AU - CHRISTOS DAMASKOS AU - ANNA GARMPI AU - DIMITRIOS DIMITROULIS AU - ELEFTHERIOS SPARTALIS AU - GEORGIOS-ANTONIOS MARGONIS AU - DIMITRIOS SCHIZAS AU - IRINI DESKOU AU - CHRYSOULA DOULA AU - ELENI MAGKOUTI AU - NIKOLAOS ANDREATOS AU - EFSTATHIOS A. ANTONIOU AU - AFRODITI NONNI AU - KONSTANTINOS KONTZOGLOU AU - DIMITRIOS MANTAS TI - Targeting Histone Deacetylases in Malignant Melanoma: A Future Therapeutic Agent or Just Great Expectations? DP - 2017 Oct 01 TA - Anticancer Research PG - 5355--5362 VI - 37 IP - 10 4099 - http://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/37/10/5355.short 4100 - http://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/37/10/5355.full SO - Anticancer Res2017 Oct 01; 37 AB - Background/Aim: Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer, with increasing frequency and mortality. Melanoma is characterized by rapid proliferation and metastases. Malignant transformation of normal melanocytes is associated with imbalance between oncogenes' action and tumor suppressor genes. Mutations or inactivation of these genes plays an important role in the pathogenesis of malignant melanoma. Many target-specific agents improved progression-free survival but unfortunately metastatic melanoma remains incurable, so new therapeutic strategies are needed. The balance of histones' acetylation affects cell cycle progression, differentiation and apoptosis. Histone deacetylases (HDAC) are associated with different types of cancer. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACI) are enzymes that inhibit the action of HDAC, resulting in block of tumor cell proliferation. A small number of these enzymes has been studied regarding their anticancer effects in melanoma. The purpose of this article was to review the therapeutic effect of HDACI against malignant melanoma, enlightening the molecular mechanisms of their action. Materials and Methods: The MEDLINE database was used. The keywords/ phrases were; HDACI, melanoma, targeted therapies for melanoma. Our final conclusions were based on studies that didn't refer solely to melanoma due to their wider experimental data. Thirty-two articles were selected from the total number of the search's results. Only English articles published until March 2017 were used. Results: Molecules, such as valproid acid (VPA), LBH589, LAQ824 (dacinostat), vorinostat, tubacin, sirtinol and tx-527, suberoyl bis-hydroxamic acid (SBHA), depsipeptide and Trichostatin A (TSA) have shown promising antineoplastic effects against melanoma. Conclusion: HDACI represent a promising agent for targeted therapy. More trials are required.