PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - DANIEL ARAKI RIBEIRO
AU  - CAROLINE MARGONATO CARDOSO
AU  - VERONICA QUISPE YUJRA
AU  - MILENA DE BARROS VIANA
AU  - ODAIR AGUIAR, JR.
AU  - LUCIANA PELLEGRINI PISANI
AU  - CELINA TIZUKO FUJIYAMA OSHIMA
TI  - Fluoride Induces Apoptosis in Mammalian Cells: <em>In Vitro</em> and <em>In Vivo</em> Studies
DP  - 2017 Sep 01
TA  - Anticancer Research
PG  - 4767--4777
VI  - 37
IP  - 9
4099  - http://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/37/9/4767.short
4100  - http://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/37/9/4767.full
SO  - Anticancer Res2017 Sep 01; 37
AB  - Apoptosis is genetically programmed cell death, an irreversible process of cell senescence with characteristic features different from other cellular mechanisms of death such as necrosis. In the last years, apoptosis has been extensively studied in the scientific literature, because it has been established that apoptosis plays a crucial role following the time course of chronic degenerative diseases, such as cancer. Thus, several researchers have strugged to detect what chemical agents are able to inter fere with the apoptotic process. Thus, the purpose of this literature review is to assess if fluoride induces apoptosis in mammalian cells using in vivo and in vitro test systems. Certain mammalian cell types such as oral cells, blood and brain were exetensively investigated; the results showed that fluoride is able to induce apoptosis in both intrinsinc and extrinsic pathways. Moreover, other cells types have been poorly investigated such as bone, kidney and reproductive cells with conflicting results so far. Therefore, this area needs further investigation for the safety of human populations exposed to fluoride in a chronic way, as for example in developing countries.