RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Axitinib for Gemcitabine-refractory Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer: Report of 5 Cases JF Anticancer Research JO Anticancer Res FD International Institute of Anticancer Research SP 3711 OP 3715 VO 37 IS 7 A1 OKANO, NAOHIRO A1 KASUGA, AKIYOSHI A1 KAWAI, KIRIO A1 KOBAYASHI, TAKAAKI A1 NARUGE, DAISUKE A1 NAGASHIMA, FUMIO A1 FURUSE, JUNJI YR 2017 UL http://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/37/7/3711.abstract AB Background/Aim: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) has been identified as a treatment target for biliary tract cancer (BTC) and axitinib is a selective inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-1/2/3. This study was conducted as a preliminary evaluation of the safety and efficacy of axitinib for patients with advanced BTC. Patients and Methods: Patients refractory to gemcitabine-based regimens were administered axitinib at the dose of 5 mg twice daily. Results: Five patients (3 male and 2 female) with a median age of 68 years were enrolled. Although 3 patients developed treatment-related grade 3/4 adverse events (AEs), none of these patients required discontinuation of the protocol treatment due to the AEs. Partial response (PR) was achieved in 1 patient, with a 67% reduction. The response was classified as stable disease (SD) in 3 patients and as progressive disease (PD) in 1 patient. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) ranged from 2.0 to 19.9 months and 1.5 to 7.4 months, respectively. Conclusion: This preliminary study suggested that axitinib is well-tolerated and might exert promising activity in patients with BTC.