PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - JUDITH PROSKE AU - LISA WALTER AU - ELISABETH BUMES AU - MARKUS HUTTERER AU - ARABEL VOLLMANN-ZWERENZ AU - ILKER Y. EYÜPOGLU AU - NICOLAI E. SAVASKAN AU - CORINNA SELIGER AU - PETER HAU AU - MARTIN UHL TI - Adaptive Immune Response to and Survival Effect of Temozolomide- and Valproic Acid-induced Autophagy in Glioblastoma DP - 2016 Mar 01 TA - Anticancer Research PG - 899--905 VI - 36 IP - 3 4099 - http://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/36/3/899.short 4100 - http://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/36/3/899.full SO - Anticancer Res2016 Mar 01; 36 AB - Background/Aim: The combination of radiotherapy, temozolomide and valproic acid (VPA) has shown some promise in retrospective analyses of patients with glioblastoma, although their mechanisms of action remain unknown. Materials and Methods: We investigated the in vitro and in vivo effects of pretreating glioma cells with temozolomide and VPA as an immunization strategy to boost an adaptive immune response in a syngeneic mouse model. Results: Temozolomide and VPA induced autophagy in GL261 glioma cells, and caused tumor antigen-specific T-cells to become activated effector T-cells. Mice with a pre-existing glioma showed no improvement in clinical outcome when immunized with temozolomide- and VPA-treated glioma cells. Conclusion: Although temozolomide and VPA treatment of glioma cells can boost the adaptive immune response, in the context of a vaccine therapy, additional factors are necessary to eradicate the tumor and improve survival.