PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - LI, JIAN-RI
AU  - CHENG, CHEN-LI
AU  - YANG, WAN-JUNG
AU  - YANG, CHI-REI
AU  - OU, YEN-CHUAN
AU  - WU, MING-JU
AU  - KO, JIUNN-LIANG
TI  - FIP-gts Potentiate Autophagic Cell Death Against Cisplatin-resistant Urothelial Cancer Cells
DP  - 2014 Jun 01
TA  - Anticancer Research
PG  - 2973--2983
VI  - 34
IP  - 6
4099  - http://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/34/6/2973.short
4100  - http://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/34/6/2973.full
SO  - Anticancer Res2014 Jun 01; 34
AB  - Background: Urothelial cancer (UC) is a common cancer among males. Once metastatic or chemoresistant diseases develop, there is little effective treatment available. A fungal immunomodulatory protein, ganoderma tsugae (FIP-gts) possesses antitumor activity against solid tumors and inhibits telomerase activity. FIP-gts induces autophagy in cancer cells and may provide an alternative pathway against chemo-resistance. Materials and Methods: Two UC cell lines were used to investigate the cytotoxicity effects and the autophagy regulation of FIP-gts using flow cytometry, acidic vesicular organelles (AVO) staining and western blotting. Results: MTT assay showed that FIP-gts and bafilomycin-A1 (Baf-A1) and or chloroquine (CQ) could enhance a significantly synergistic cytotoxicity. The treatment of UC cell lines with FIP-gts activated LC-3 II formation and AVO positive staining on western blot and flow cytometry. Interestingly, FIP-gts and Baf-A1 combined treatment was found to lead to enhancement of apoptosis along with inhibition of autophagy in parental and resistant UC cells. Conclusion: FIP-gts may have the potential to be utilized as a therapeutic adjuvant for the treatment of resistant UC cancer down-regulating Beclin-1 to activate autophagic cell death.