TY - JOUR T1 - Biological Correlation of <sup>18</sup>F-FDG Uptake on PET in Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Tumors JF - Anticancer Research JO - Anticancer Res SP - 4219 LP - 4228 VL - 33 IS - 10 AU - KYOICHI KAIRA AU - HARUYASU MURAKAMI AU - MASAHIRO ENDO AU - YASUHISA OHDE AU - TATEAKI NAITO AU - HARUHIKO KONDO AU - TAKASHI NAKAJIMA AU - NOBUYUKI YAMAMOTO AU - TOSHIAKI TAKAHASHI Y1 - 2013/10/01 UR - http://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/33/10/4219.abstract N2 - Background: It is widely recognized that pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors (PNET) include a spectrum that ranges from low-grade typical carcinoid (TC) and atypical carcinoid (AC) to high-grade large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) and small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). However, little is known about the usefulness of 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) positron-emission tomography (PET) in such tumors. We therefore, conducted a study including the analysis of the underlying biology of 18F-FDG uptake. Materials and Methods: Thirty-four patients with early-stage PNETs who underwent 18F-FDG PET before treatment were included in this study. Tumor sections were stained by immunohistochemistry for glucose transporter-1 (Glut1 and Glut3), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), hexokinase-I, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), microvessel density (MVD) determined by CD34 and (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Results: 18F-FDG uptake correlated significantly with Glut1, HIF-1α, VEGF and CD34 expression. Uptake of 18F-FDG tended to increase from low-grade to high-grade PNETs. Tumor metabolic activity was a useful marker for predicting postoperative prognosis in patients with early-stage PNETs. Conclusion: The amount of 18F-FDG uptake is determined by the presence of glucose metabolism, hypoxia and angiogenesis. ER -