RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Biological Correlation of 18F-FDG Uptake on PET in Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Tumors JF Anticancer Research JO Anticancer Res FD International Institute of Anticancer Research SP 4219 OP 4228 VO 33 IS 10 A1 KYOICHI KAIRA A1 HARUYASU MURAKAMI A1 MASAHIRO ENDO A1 YASUHISA OHDE A1 TATEAKI NAITO A1 HARUHIKO KONDO A1 TAKASHI NAKAJIMA A1 NOBUYUKI YAMAMOTO A1 TOSHIAKI TAKAHASHI YR 2013 UL http://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/33/10/4219.abstract AB Background: It is widely recognized that pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors (PNET) include a spectrum that ranges from low-grade typical carcinoid (TC) and atypical carcinoid (AC) to high-grade large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) and small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). However, little is known about the usefulness of 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) positron-emission tomography (PET) in such tumors. We therefore, conducted a study including the analysis of the underlying biology of 18F-FDG uptake. Materials and Methods: Thirty-four patients with early-stage PNETs who underwent 18F-FDG PET before treatment were included in this study. Tumor sections were stained by immunohistochemistry for glucose transporter-1 (Glut1 and Glut3), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), hexokinase-I, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), microvessel density (MVD) determined by CD34 and (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Results: 18F-FDG uptake correlated significantly with Glut1, HIF-1α, VEGF and CD34 expression. Uptake of 18F-FDG tended to increase from low-grade to high-grade PNETs. Tumor metabolic activity was a useful marker for predicting postoperative prognosis in patients with early-stage PNETs. Conclusion: The amount of 18F-FDG uptake is determined by the presence of glucose metabolism, hypoxia and angiogenesis.