TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of <em>Bis</em>phosphonates in Combination with Ionizing Radiation and Antioxidants on the Growth of Prostate and Melanoma Cells Lines JF - Anticancer Research JO - Anticancer Res SP - 3217 LP - 3224 VL - 33 IS - 8 AU - MIGUEL ALCARAZ AU - AMPARO OLIVARES AU - DANIEL G. ACHEL AU - MIGUEL ALCARAZ-SAURA Y1 - 2013/08/01 UR - http://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/33/8/3217.abstract N2 - Background: Bisphosphonates are used in cancer-related hypercalcaemia, in complications of bone metastasis and in postmenopausal osteoporosis, and have often been associated with adverse complications. Aim: To determine the protective effect of apigenin against growth inhibition of normal epithelial human prostatic (PNT2), transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP-C1) and metastatic melanoma cells (B16F10) in combined treatments with bisphosphonates and ionizing radiation (IR). Materials and Methods: The growth inhibition on PNT2, TRAMP-C1 and B16F10 cells in the combined treatments with bisphosphonates (zoledronic acid, ibandronate and pamidronate) and IR in the presence and absence of apigenin was studied using a cell viability test. Results: Zoledronic acid had a cytotoxic effect on PNT2, TRAMP-C1 and B16F10 cells (p&lt;0.001). However, ibandronate and pamidronate had a cytotoxic effect only on PNT2 cells (p&lt;0.001). The administration of apigenin in combined treatment with bisphosphonates and IR showed: a decrease in the cytotoxic effect on TRAMP-C1 and B16F10 cells in the treatment with ibandronate; a protective effect on normal PNT2 and melanoma cells, but not on TRAMP-C1 cells in the treatment with zoledronic acid; and provided protection only to PNT2 cells in the treatment with pamidronate. Conclusion: The use of the antioxidant produced a greater decrease in the cytotoxic effect on the non-tumor than in tumor cells when treated with bisphosphonates-alone and could be used in non-tumor pathologies. However, in a combined treatment with IR, it can also provide protection to tumor cells, thus reducing the intended effect of the IR. ER -