TY - JOUR T1 - Sarcoidosis in a Patient with Metastatic Melanoma Sequentially Treated with Anti-CTLA-4 Monoclonal Antibody and Selective BRAF Inhibitor JF - Anticancer Research JO - Anticancer Res SP - 1355 LP - 1359 VL - 32 IS - 4 AU - SOFIE WILGENHOF AU - VEERLE MORLION AU - AMÉLIE CLÉMENTINE SEGHERS AU - STEPHANIE DU FOUR AU - ESTHER VANDERLINDEN AU - SHANE HANON AU - FREDERIK VANDENBROUCKE AU - HENDRIK EVERAERT AU - BART NEYNS Y1 - 2012/04/01 UR - http://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/32/4/1355.abstract N2 - A female patient with stage IV-M1c (distant lymph node and breast metastases), chemotherapy-refractory melanoma was treated with the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4)-inhibitory monoclonal antibody ipilimumab. At first evaluation following induction treatment, there was marked increase in the volume of the lymphadenopathies (including new adenopathies) and strong uptake of 18Fluorodeoxy-D-glucose (18FDG); marked enlargement of the spleen and interstitial lung infiltrates were also observed. Non-necrotising granulomas were discovered on transbronchial mucosal biopsy and cytology on bronchoalveolar lavage established the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. There was a marked clinical and 18FDG-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18FDG-PET/CT) documented response following six weeks of corticotherapy. At follow-up, progression of subdiaphragmatic melanoma lymph node metastases was documented. Regression of these metastatic sites was observed during treatment with the selective v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) inhibitor vemurafenib. The patient died due to progressive disease after three months of vemurafenib treatment. Our case report illustrates the need to take into consideration exacerbation of sarcoidosis as a potential confounder in the assessment of tumor response in a melanoma patient treated with the anti-CTLA-4 mononclonal antibody ipilimumab. ER -