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Research ArticleClinical Studies

Demographic Disparities in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Mortality Trends in the United States

SISHIR DODDI, OSCAR SALICHS, TARYN HIBSHMAN, PETER ALAMIR and SIDDHARTH KUNTE
Anticancer Research May 2024, 44 (5) 2211-2217; DOI: https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.17028
SISHIR DODDI
1University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, U.S.A.;
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  • For correspondence: sishir.doddi@utoledo.edu
OSCAR SALICHS
1University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, U.S.A.;
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TARYN HIBSHMAN
1University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, U.S.A.;
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PETER ALAMIR
2University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, U.S.A.;
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SIDDHARTH KUNTE
3The Toledo Clinic, Toledo, OH, U.S.A.
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Abstract

Background/Aim: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological malignancy with an overall poor prognosis; however, survival rates vary widely by clinical and demographic characteristics. This study sought to identify historical trends in AML mortality in the US and to identify any disparities by sex, race or ethnicity. Patients and Methods: For each demographic population, the age adjusted mortality rate (AAMR) per 1,000,000 for AML-related deaths from 1999 to 2020 in the United States was accessed from the CDC Wonder Database. These values were then used to calculate the average Annual Percent Change (AAPC) from 1999 to 2020 using the National Cancer Institute (NCI)’s Joinpoint Regression Program (Joinpoint V 4.9.0.0, NCI) with log-linear regression models. Statistical significance for all reported findings was determined using a 2-tailed t-test or parallel pairwise comparison with significance defined as p<0.05. Results: The overall population had a significant downtrend in mortality rate between 2011 and 2020 with an APC of −0.61% [95% confidence interval (CI)=−1 to −0.2]. In 2020, the AAMR due to AML for males was 32 and for females was 20.2. Females did not have a significant overall AAPC from 1999 to 2020. Males had a significant AAPC of 0.5% (95%CI=0-0.9) from 1999 to 2020, signifying an overall uptrend. In 2020, the White population had the greatest mortality rate (29.6), followed by the Black or African American population (20.9), Asian or Pacific Islander (AAPI) population (18.6), and the American Indian/Alaska Native population (8.8). American Indian and Alaska Native population data could not be reliably compared. No race/ethnic group had a significant AAPC trend from 1999 to 2020. However, parallel pairwise comparison found a significant difference in the trend of mortality rates between the Black or African American and AAPI, Black or African American and White, and White and AAPI populations. Conclusion: Our findings highlight disparities in mortality due to AML and underscore the need for additional resources and support in affected populations and areas.

Key Words:
  • Acute myeloid leukemia
  • disparities
  • mortality rate
  • mortality trends
  • Received February 11, 2024.
  • Revision received February 29, 2024.
  • Accepted March 1, 2024.
  • Copyright © 2024 International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.
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Anticancer Research: 44 (5)
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May 2024
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Demographic Disparities in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Mortality Trends in the United States
SISHIR DODDI, OSCAR SALICHS, TARYN HIBSHMAN, PETER ALAMIR, SIDDHARTH KUNTE
Anticancer Research May 2024, 44 (5) 2211-2217; DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.17028

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Demographic Disparities in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Mortality Trends in the United States
SISHIR DODDI, OSCAR SALICHS, TARYN HIBSHMAN, PETER ALAMIR, SIDDHARTH KUNTE
Anticancer Research May 2024, 44 (5) 2211-2217; DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.17028
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Keywords

  • Acute myeloid leukemia
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  • mortality trends
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