Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors Suppress the Growth of Leukemia Cells

Abstract

Background/Aim: The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) regulates blood pressure. The RAS is also related to cell growth, and its activation has been reported in various cancer cells. Therefore, we investigated the effects of RAS inhibitors on the in vitro growth of leukemia cell lines. Materials and Methods: THP-1, MV4-11, and TMD7 cells derived from acute myeloid leukemia, K-562 cells from chronic myeloid leukemia, and Jurkat and KOPT-K1 cells from T-lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) with NOTCH1 mutations were used. We used four RAS inhibitors: the renin inhibitor aliskiren, angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 inhibitor captopril, angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist azilsartan, and angiotensin II type 2 receptor antagonist PD123319. Cells were cultured with the inhibitors and cell growth was assessed using a colorimetric assay. The expression of signaling proteins was assessed using immunoblotting. Results: Treatment with aliskiren, azilsartan, or PD123319 suppressed the growth of all cell lines. Captopril treatment suppressed the growth of K-562, KOPT-K1, and MV4-11 cells. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the growth suppression was due to the induction of apoptosis. Their suppressive effects on normal lymphocytes were milder than those on leukemia cells. Treatment with these inhibitors decreased MYC expression, induced caspase3 and PARP cleavage, and suppressed mTOR signaling. The treatment also suppressed NOTCH1 signaling in T-ALL cells. Conclusion: RAS inhibitors can be repurposed as molecular-targeted drugs for leukemia. However, the concentrations of the inhibitors were much higher than those in the plasma of patients with hypertension. Therefore, further investigation is required for their clinical use.