The GR-SGK1-NDRG1 Pathway as a Predictor of Recurrence and Prognosis in Lung Adenocarcinoma After Radical Surgery

Abstract

Background/Aim: The glucocorticoids (GCs)-glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-SGK1-NDRG1 pathway plays an important role in the response of tumor cells to various stresses including chemotherapy. In many solid tumors, the GCs-GR pathway acts as a tumor suppressor; however, its function varies depending on the type of cancer. This study investigated the relationship between the GR-SGK1-NDRG1 pathway and lung adenocarcinoma recurrence and overall survival. Materials and Methods: Lung adenocarcinoma cases (n=121, Stage I-III) were included. Immunohistochemistry for GR, N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG-1), serum and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase 1 (SGK-1), Ki-67, and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) was performed to examine their relationship with clinicopathological features, recurrence, and prognosis. Results: SGK-1 and NDRG-1 were significant prognostic factors. Recurren ce was more likely in the SGK-1, NDRG-1, and Ki-67 high/positive groups. Conclusion: The GR-SGK1-NDRG1 pathway may be involved in the recurrence and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma.