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Research ArticleExperimental Studies

A Standardized Extract of Cultured Lentinula edodes mycelia Up-regulates COX-2 in Inflammation-related Malignant Progressive Fibrosarcoma Cell Clone QRsP-11

TAKAO KITAGAWA, SHAJEDUL ISLAM, BYRON BARON, KAZUHIRO TOKUDA, DURGA PAUDEL, TOHRU OHTA, KOJI NAKAGAWA, MASANOBU KOBAYASHI, FUTOSHI OKADA and YASUHIRO KURAMITSU
Anticancer Research March 2023, 43 (3) 1239-1244; DOI: https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.16270
TAKAO KITAGAWA
1Advanced Research Promotion Center, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan;
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SHAJEDUL ISLAM
1Advanced Research Promotion Center, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan;
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BYRON BARON
2Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta;
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KAZUHIRO TOKUDA
3Graduate School of Health and Welfare, Yamaguchi Prefectural University, Yamaguchi, Japan;
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DURGA PAUDEL
1Advanced Research Promotion Center, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan;
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TOHRU OHTA
1Advanced Research Promotion Center, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan;
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KOJI NAKAGAWA
1Advanced Research Promotion Center, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan;
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MASANOBU KOBAYASHI
1Advanced Research Promotion Center, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan;
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FUTOSHI OKADA
4Division of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
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YASUHIRO KURAMITSU
1Advanced Research Promotion Center, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan;
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  • For correspondence: climates@hoku-iryo-u.ac.jp
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Abstract

Background/Aim: Cyclooxygenase is an enzyme that transforms arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an isoform of cyclooxygenase. There exist many reports on the expression levels of COX-2 in cancer tissues, and prognosis of cancer patients has been reported to be related to COX-2 up-regulation. In the present study we assessed the suppressive effect of AHCC® on the expression of COX-2 in QRsP-11cells. Materials and Methods: QR-32 is a clone which was derived from murine fibrosarcoma BMT-11 cells by treatment with quercetin. These clone cells regress spontaneously after injection into C57BL/6 mice. QRsP-11 is a clone derived from QR-32, showing very aggressive tumorigenicity. AHCC® is a standardized extract of cultured Lentinula edodes mycelia and has been reported to exert suppressive effects on various tumor-associated proteins including HSP27. The protein levels of COX-2 in QR-32 and QRsP-11 cells were compared by using western blotting. Furthermore, the expression levels of COX-2 were assessed in QRsP-11 cells after AHCC®-treatment. Results: Western blot analysis showed a significant up-regulation of COX-2 in QRsP-11 cells compared to QR-32 cells. In vitro AHCC®-treatment increased COX-2 expression levels in QRsP-11 cells contrary to expectations. Conclusion: When using AHCC® in cancer treatment, it might be important to decrease COX-2 expression by means of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin. Further studies are required to clarify the mechanism of up-regulation of COX-2 through AHCC®-treatment.

Key Words:
  • COX-2
  • malignant progression
  • inflammation
  • fibrosarcoma
  • AHCC®
  • Received September 29, 2022.
  • Revision received October 25, 2022.
  • Accepted October 31, 2022.
  • Copyright © 2023 International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.
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Anticancer Research: 43 (3)
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A Standardized Extract of Cultured Lentinula edodes mycelia Up-regulates COX-2 in Inflammation-related Malignant Progressive Fibrosarcoma Cell Clone QRsP-11
TAKAO KITAGAWA, SHAJEDUL ISLAM, BYRON BARON, KAZUHIRO TOKUDA, DURGA PAUDEL, TOHRU OHTA, KOJI NAKAGAWA, MASANOBU KOBAYASHI, FUTOSHI OKADA, YASUHIRO KURAMITSU
Anticancer Research Mar 2023, 43 (3) 1239-1244; DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.16270

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A Standardized Extract of Cultured Lentinula edodes mycelia Up-regulates COX-2 in Inflammation-related Malignant Progressive Fibrosarcoma Cell Clone QRsP-11
TAKAO KITAGAWA, SHAJEDUL ISLAM, BYRON BARON, KAZUHIRO TOKUDA, DURGA PAUDEL, TOHRU OHTA, KOJI NAKAGAWA, MASANOBU KOBAYASHI, FUTOSHI OKADA, YASUHIRO KURAMITSU
Anticancer Research Mar 2023, 43 (3) 1239-1244; DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.16270
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Keywords

  • COX-2
  • malignant progression
  • inflammation
  • fibrosarcoma
  • AHCC®
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