Abstract
Background/Aim: This study aimed to establish a setup for ultra-high-dose-rate (FLASH) carbon-ion irradiation, and to conduct the first human cell experiments using FLASH carbon ions. Materials and Methods: A system for FLASH carbon-ion irradiation (1-3 Gy at 13 or 50 keV/μm) was developed. The growth and senescence of HFL1 lung fibroblasts were assessed by crystal violet staining assays and senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining, respectively. Survival of HSGc-C5 cancer cells was assessed by clonogenic assays. Results: The dose rates of carbon ions ranged from 96-195 Gy/s, meeting the definition of FLASH. With both 13 and 50 keV/μm beams, no FLASH sparing effect was observed on the growth suppression and senescence of HFL1 cells, nor on the survival of HSGc-C5 cells. Conclusion: We successfully conducted the first human cell experiments with FLASH carbon ions. No FLASH effect was observed under the conditions examined.
- Received March 3, 2022.
- Revision received March 21, 2022.
- Accepted March 22, 2022.
- Copyright © 2022 International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY-NC-ND) 4.0 international license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0).
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