Abstract
Background/Aim: Thyroid hormones (THs) stimulate breast cancer (BC) cell proliferation. We hypothesized that these hormones and the proliferative marker thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) represent the initial and final steps of the proliferative pathway, respectively. Patients and Methods: We measured the serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and free thyroxine (FT4), along with serum TK1 activity, in 144 newly diagnosed BC patients, and examined the associations between THs and proliferation in different BC receptor profiles. Results: TK1 activity did not correlate with TSH (r=0.06, p=0.473) or FT4 levels (r=0.04, p=0.665), but did correlate with FT3 levels (r=0.28, p=0.001). Elevated FT3 (>6.0 pmol/l) predicted increased TK1 activity (>140 Du/l) after adjusting for age (odds ratio 4.1, p=0.014). We also found a significant association of the combined elevation of FT3 and TK1, assumed as a surrogate marker of accomplished proliferative signal, with triple-negative (TN) profile (p=0.003). The rates of combined FT3 and TK1 elevation in TN and ER-positive profiles were 20.0% and 1.8%, respectively (p=0.005). Conclusion: FT3 may be involved in proliferative signaling, as measured by TK1 activity, predominately in TN breast cancer.
Footnotes
↵* These Authors contributed equally to the present study.
Authors’ Contributions
Conception and design: BN, TA, TP, LK. Acquisition of data: TA, BN, EC, TP, LK, OM. Analysis and interpretation of data: BN, TA, TP, LK, AM. Histological examination of the breast: BM. Writing, review, and/or revision of the manuscript: BN, TA, TP, LK.
Conflicts of Interest
The Authors have no conflicts of interest to declare regarding this study.
Funding
This work was partly funded by Biovica/Ronnerbol (Uppsala, Sweden).
- Received December 6, 2020.
- Revision received December 22, 2020.
- Accepted December 23, 2020.
- Copyright © 2021 International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.
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