Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
High-level TXN expression is a negative prognostic factor for metastasis and overall survival in osteosarcoma patients. (A and B) Kaplan–Meier analysis performed on published array data from 2 independent tumor sets [R2: Genomics Analysis and Visualization Platform (http://r2.amc.nl)]. TXN: gene encoding the Trx protein.
- Figure 2.
Effects of PX-12 on LM8 cell proliferation. (A) Schematic diagram of the interaction between PX-12 and Trx-1. (B) PX-12 induced osteosarcoma cell death in a dose- and time-dependent manner. (C) Low-dose PX-12 (5 μM) inhibited LM8 cell growth in a cell proliferation assay. (D) LM8 cell proliferation rate at 0 and 48 h. (E) SiRNA-induced Trx-1 knockdown significantly suppressed Trx-1 protein expression. (F) As compared to the control KD, Trx-1 knockdown in LM8 cells resulted in the suppression of cell proliferation at 48 h.
- Figure 3.
PX-12 induced apoptosis in OS cells via the MAPK-Caspase 3 pathway. (A) PX-12 (100 μM) induced p38 and JNK phosphorylation and activation, and caspase 3 cleavage in LM8 cells. (B) Caspase assays indicated that PX-12 treatment (50 μM) induced a two-fold increase in caspase activity in the treated group as compared to the control group. *p<0.05 (n=3). (C) Z-VAD-FMK, a pan-caspase inhibitor, significantly reversed PX-12 (20 μM)-induced LM8 cell death. *p<0.05 (n=3). JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinase; Z-VAD-FMK: carbobenzoxy-valyl-alanyl-aspartyl-[O-methyl]- fluoromethylketone.
- Figure 4.
PX-12 induced apoptosis in OS cells via the oxidative stress-MAPK pathway. (A) Cell pre-treatment with 1 mM NAC, an antioxidant, for 1 h inhibited PX-12 (100 μM)-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases. (B) NAC (1 mM) significantly inhibited PX-12 (20 μM)-induced LM-8 cell death. *p<0.05 (n=3). NAC: N-Acetyl-L-cysteine.
- Figure 5.
PX-12 inhibited OS cell migration. (A) PX-12 (10 μM) inhibited LM8 cell migration in the wound healing assay in a time-dependent manner at 12 and 24 h. (B) Significant differences in the calculated healed wound area were observed between DMSO- and PX-12-treated cells; *p<0.05 (n=3). DMSO: Dimethyl sulphoxide.
- Figure 6.
PX-12 inhibited local OS progression. (A) There was no significant difference in body weight between vehicle- and PX-12-treated mice throughout the course of the study. (B) Based on the evaluation of tumor volume, PX-12 was found to significantly suppress OS tumor progression over time. (C) PX-12 significantly decreased tumor size. (D) PX-12 significantly decreased tumor weight at the time of resection.
