Figure 3. Both thioridazine (THIO) and mefloquine (MEF), but not azathioprine (AZA), increase apoptosis in highly halaven (HAL)-resistant KBV20C cancer cells. (A) KBV20C cells were grown on 60 mm-diameter dishes and treated with 30 ng/ml HAL (HAL-30), 5 μM mefloquine (MEF-5), 7.5 μM mefloquine (MEF-7.5), 5 μM thioridazine (THIO), 5 μM fluphenazine (FLU-5), 7.5 μM fluphenazine (FLU-7.5), 30 ng/ml HAL with 5 μM MEF (HAL+MEF-5), 30 ng/ml HAL with 7.5 μM MEF (HAL+MEF-7.5), 30 ng/ml HAL with 5 μM THIO (HAL+THIO-5), 30 ng/ml HAL with 5 μM FLU (HAL+FLU-5), 30 ng/ml HAL with 7.5 μM FLU (HAL+FLU-7.5) or 0.1% DMSO (Con). After 24 h, western blot analysis was performed using antibodies against C-PARP and GAPDH. (B-C) KBV20C cells were grown on 6-well plates and treated with 30 ng/ml HAL (HAL-30), 50 ng/ml HAL (HAL-50), 7.5 μM mefloquine (MEF-7.5), 7.5 μM fluphenazine (FLU-7.5), 5 μM thioridazine (THIO-5), 7.5 μM thioridazine (THIO-7.5), 10 μM verapamil (VER-10), 20 μM azathioprine (AZA-20), 30 ng/ml HAL with 7.5 μM MEF (HAL+MEF), 30 ng/ml HAL with 7.5 μM FLU (HAL+FLU), 30 ng/ml HAL with 5 μM THIO (HAL+THIO-5), 30 ng/ml HAL with 10 μM VER (HAL+VER), 30 ng/ml HAL with 20 μM AZA (HAL+AZA), 30 ng/ml HAL with 7.5 μM THIO (HAL+THIO-7.5), 50 ng/ml HAL with 10 μM VER (HAL-50+VER), 50 ng/ml HAL with 20 μM AZA (HAL-50+AZA), 50 ng/ml HAL with 7.5 μM MEF (HAL-50+MEF) or 0.1% DMSO (Con). After 1 day, all cells were observed using an inverted microscope with a 50 magnification.