Figure 1. Morphological analysis of chronic pancreatitis. A: morphological normal pancreatic parenchyma in wild-type mice. B: Extensive chronic pancreatitis in KrasG12D/Pdx-1-Cre (PK) mice. C: Minimal to mild chronic pancreatitis in PK mice treated with trans-4-{4-[3-(4-chloro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-ureido]-cyclohexyloxy}-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid methylamide (t-CUPM). D: Histogram of chronic pancreatitis index (CPI: the extent of acinar loss, stromal fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration), showing a significant decrease of chronic pancreatitis index (CPI) in PK/t-CUPM-treated mice compared to the PK mice. E-G: Trichrome stain highlighted fibroconnective tissue (blue) only in the interlobular areas of a normal pancreas in wild-type mice (E), extensive fibrosis in pancreatic parenchyma of PK mice (F), and much less stromal fibrosis in the pancreas in PK mice with t-CUPM treatment (G). H: Histogram showing a significant decrease of the extent of stromal fibrosis in the pancreas in PK mice treated with t-CUPM. I–K: Myeloperoxidase (MPO)-labeled neutrophils in the pancreas in wild-type mice (I), in PK mice (K) and in PK mice with t-CUPM treatment. L: Histogram showing a significant decrease of MPO-labeled neutrophils infiltration in the pancreas of PK mice treated with t-CUPM. M–O: Lysosome-associated membrane protein 3 (MAC3)-labeled macrophages in the pancreas in wild-type mice (M), in PK mice (N) and in PK mice treated with t-CUPM (O). P: Histogram showing a significant decrease of MAC3-labeled macrophage infiltration in the pancreas in PK mice treated with t-CUPM. Q–S: Amylase immunostaining showing pancreatic acini in wild-type mice (Q), in PK mice (R), and in PK mice treated with t-CUPM (S), T: Histogram showing a significant preserved pancreas acini in PK mice treated with t-CUPM). U-W: Cytokeratin-19 (CK19)-positive ductal cells in the pancreas in wild type mice (U), in PK mice (V), and in PK mice treated with t-CUPM (W). X: Histogram showing a significant difference in PK mice treated with t-CUPM. *Statistically significant difference, p<0.05.