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Research ArticleExperimental Studies

Effects on DNA Repair in Human Lymphocytes Exposed to the Food Dye Tartrazine Yellow

BRUNO MOREIRA SOARES, TAÍSSA MAÍRA THOMAZ ARAÚJO, JORGE AMANDO BATISTA RAMOS, LAINE CELESTINO PINTO, BRUNA MEIRELES KHAYAT, MARCELO DE OLIVEIRA BAHIA, RAQUEL CARVALHO MONTENEGRO, ROMMEL MARIO RODRÍGUEZ BURBANO and ANDRÉ SALIM KHAYAT
Anticancer Research March 2015, 35 (3) 1465-1474;
BRUNO MOREIRA SOARES
1Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
2Oncology Research Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
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TAÍSSA MAÍRA THOMAZ ARAÚJO
1Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
2Oncology Research Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
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JORGE AMANDO BATISTA RAMOS
1Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
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LAINE CELESTINO PINTO
1Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
2Oncology Research Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
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BRUNA MEIRELES KHAYAT
2Oncology Research Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
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MARCELO DE OLIVEIRA BAHIA
1Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
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RAQUEL CARVALHO MONTENEGRO
1Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
2Oncology Research Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
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ROMMEL MARIO RODRÍGUEZ BURBANO
1Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
2Oncology Research Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
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ANDRÉ SALIM KHAYAT
1Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
2Oncology Research Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
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  • For correspondence: khayatas@gmail.com
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Abstract

Tartrazine is a food additive that belongs to a class of artificial dyes and contains an azo group. Studies about its genotoxic, cytotoxic and mutagenic effects are controversial and, in some cases, unsatisfactory. This work evaluated the potential in vitro cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and effects on DNA repair of human lymphocytes exposed to the dye. We assessed the cytotoxicity of tartrazine by 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide test and the response of DNA repair through comet assay (alkaline version). We used different concentrations of the dye, ranging from 0.25-64.0 mM. The results demonstrated that tartrazine has no cytotoxic effects. However, this dye had a significant genotoxic effect at all concentrations tested. Although most of the damage was amenable to repair, some damage remained higher than positive control after 24 h of repair. These data demonstrate that tartrazine may be harmful to health and its prolonged use could trigger carcinogenesis.

  • Food dye
  • tartrazine
  • cytotoxicity
  • genotoxicity
  • DNA repair
  • Received November 12, 2014.
  • Revision received November 28, 2014.
  • Accepted December 4, 2014.
  • Copyright© 2015 International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. John G. Delinassios), All rights reserved
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Anticancer Research: 35 (3)
Anticancer Research
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March 2015
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Effects on DNA Repair in Human Lymphocytes Exposed to the Food Dye Tartrazine Yellow
BRUNO MOREIRA SOARES, TAÍSSA MAÍRA THOMAZ ARAÚJO, JORGE AMANDO BATISTA RAMOS, LAINE CELESTINO PINTO, BRUNA MEIRELES KHAYAT, MARCELO DE OLIVEIRA BAHIA, RAQUEL CARVALHO MONTENEGRO, ROMMEL MARIO RODRÍGUEZ BURBANO, ANDRÉ SALIM KHAYAT
Anticancer Research Mar 2015, 35 (3) 1465-1474;

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Effects on DNA Repair in Human Lymphocytes Exposed to the Food Dye Tartrazine Yellow
BRUNO MOREIRA SOARES, TAÍSSA MAÍRA THOMAZ ARAÚJO, JORGE AMANDO BATISTA RAMOS, LAINE CELESTINO PINTO, BRUNA MEIRELES KHAYAT, MARCELO DE OLIVEIRA BAHIA, RAQUEL CARVALHO MONTENEGRO, ROMMEL MARIO RODRÍGUEZ BURBANO, ANDRÉ SALIM KHAYAT
Anticancer Research Mar 2015, 35 (3) 1465-1474;
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Keywords

  • Food dye
  • tartrazine
  • cytotoxicity
  • genotoxicity
  • DNA repair
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