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Research ArticleExperimental Studies

Natural Immunomodulators and their Stimulation of Immune Reaction: True or False?

VACLAV VETVICKA and JANA VETVICKOVA
Anticancer Research May 2014, 34 (5) 2275-2282;
VACLAV VETVICKA
Department of Pathology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, U.S.A.
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  • For correspondence: vaclav.vetvicka{at}louisville.edu
JANA VETVICKOVA
Department of Pathology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, U.S.A.
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    Figure 1.

    Potentiation of phagocytosis of synthetic microspheres by different immunomodulators. Monocytes or neutrophils with three and more HEMA particles were considered positive. Each value represents the mean±SD. *Represents significant differences between control (PBS) and tested samples at p≤0.05 level.

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    Figure 2.

    Stimulation of IL-2 production by different immunomodulators. Each value represents the mean±SD. *Represents significant differences between control (PBS) and tested samples at p≤0.05 level.

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    Figure 3.

    Effects of tested samples on NK cell cytotoxicity of YAC-1 cells. Different ratios of NK/target cells were tested for cytotoxicity in the presence or absence of β-glucans for 30 min at 37°C. The data points shown are mean values from three experiments using only 1:50 ratio. The differences were significant at p≤0.05 level.

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    Figure 4.

    Effects of dietary supplementation on formation of antibodies against ovalbumin. Mice were injected twice (two weeks apart) with antigen and the serum was collected 7 days after the last injection. Level of specific antibodies against ovalbumin was detected by ELISA. *Represents significant differences between control (ovalbumin alone) and samples at p≤0.05 level. All experiments were performed in triplicate.

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    Figure 5.

    Effect of tested substances on lung cancer growth in cyclophosphamide (CY)-treated mice. CY (30 mg/kg) was injected into mice on day 8 of the inoculation of 1x105 tumor cells. Other experimental groups obtained the daily injections of individual substances over 5 days starting 48 h after injection of CY. Individual substances were used at an 100 μg/dose. Each value represents the mean±SD. *Represents significant differences between the control and samples at p≤0.05 level. All experiments were performed in triplicate.

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Anticancer Research
Vol. 34, Issue 5
May 2014
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Natural Immunomodulators and their Stimulation of Immune Reaction: True or False?
VACLAV VETVICKA, JANA VETVICKOVA
Anticancer Research May 2014, 34 (5) 2275-2282;

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Natural Immunomodulators and their Stimulation of Immune Reaction: True or False?
VACLAV VETVICKA, JANA VETVICKOVA
Anticancer Research May 2014, 34 (5) 2275-2282;
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