Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Cellular effects during all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) treatment, as shown by apoptosis assay. U937 (A) and HL-60 (B) cells were treated for 48 h (right panels) or left untreated (left panels), then stained with annexin V and 7-Aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD), and finally analysed by flow cytometry.
- Figure 2.
Cellular effects of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) treatment, as expressed by cell surface CD markers. U937 (A) and HL-60 (B) cells were treated for 48 h (red) and 168 h (blue) and then labeled with antibodies to CD38 and CD11c as indicated; the left hand curve (in black) represents the expression level of untreated cells.
- Figure 3.
Increased total genomic CCGG methylation level during all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) treatment. Methylation at CpG located in the total genome of proliferating normal human T-lymphocytes, human laryngeal carcinoma Hep-2 cells, and in U937 and HL-60 cells incubated with ATRA as indicated. The mean and standard error of the mean (SEM) of 4-7 separate experiments (each performed in triplicate) are shown. *p<0.05; **p<0.01.
- Figure 4.
Increased p16 promoter CpG methylation level in HL-60 cells during all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) treatment. Data show the fraction of PCR-amplified promoter molecules with a methylated cytosine at the indicated gene promoter CpG sites of HL-60 and U937 cells incubated with ATRA for seven days (closed bars) or with no ATRA (open bars). A line indicates 0% methylation. Binding motifs for the transcription factors upstream stimulatory factor (USF), specificity protein-1 (SP1) and the myeloid zinc finger-1 (MZF1) are shown.
- Figure 5.
No influence of seven days of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) treatment on CpG methylation in a set of leukemia-associated gene promoters. The letter n indicates that there is no data. A and B, cyclin A1 (two separate promoter regions); C, retinoic acid receptor (RAR)α; D, estrogen receptor (ER)α; E, DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 3 A (DNMT3A); F, caudal type homeobox 1 (CDX1).
