Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Chemical structure of silibinin.
- Figure 2.
The basal level of CD44 is dose-dependently increased by EGF and TGF-α treatment in breast cancer cells. After serum-starvation for 24 h, SKBR3 (A, C) and BT474 (B) cells were treated with EGF or TGF-α at the indicated concentrations for 24 h. The levels of CD44 mRNA (A, B) and protein (C) expression were analyzed by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The results are representative of three independent experiments. The values shown are the means±SEM. *p<0.05 vs. control. Con: Control.
- Figure 3.
EGF and TGF-α-induced CD44 expression is reduced by EGFR inhibitors in SKBR3 breast cancer cells. After serum-starvation for 24 h, the cells were pretreated with EGFR inhibitors, AG1478 or lapatinib for 30 min prior to EGF or TGF-α treatment and then, treated with EGF (A) or TGF-α (B) for 24 h. The level of CD44 mRNA expression was analyzed by real-time PCR. After serum-starvation for 24 h, the cells were pretreated with AG1478 or lapatinib for 30 min prior to EGF or TGF-α treatment and then treated with EGF for 24 h (C). The levels of CD44, EGFR, ERK, and β-actin protein expression were analyzed by Western blotting. The results are representative of three independent experiments. The values shown are the means±SEM. *p<0.05 vs. control. #p<0.05 vs. EGF or TGF-α-treated cells. Con: Control.
- Figure 4.
EGF and TGF-α-induced CD44 expression is reduced by silibinin in SKBR3 breast cancer cells. After serum-starvation for 24 h, SKBR3 and BT474 breast cancer cells were treated with silibinin at the concentrations indicated for 24 h. Cell proliferation was analyzed by Quick Cell Proliferation Assay Kit II, as described in the Materials and Methods (A). After serum-starvation for 24 h, the cells were pretreated with 25 and 50 μM silibinin, respectively, for 60 min prior to EGF or TGF-α treatment and then, treated with 50 ng/ml EGF (B) or TGF-α (C) for 24 h. The level of CD44 mRNA expressions was analyzed by Real-Time PCR. The results are representative of three independent experiments. The values shown are the means±SEM. *p<0.05 vs. control, #p<0.05 vs. EGF or TGF-α -treated cells. Con: Control.
- Figure 5.
EGF-induced CD44 expression and the phosphorylation of EGFR and ERK are suppressed by silibinin treatment in SKBR3 breast cancer cells. After serum-starvation for 24 h, SKBR3 breast cancer cells were pretreated with 50 μM silibinin for 60 min and then they were grown with 50 ng/ml EGF for 24 h on chamber slides. The levels of the CD44 and DAPI were analyzed by confocal microscopy (A). After serum-starvation for 24 h, SKBR3 breast cancer cells were pretreated with 25 and 50 μM silibinin for 60 min, respectively, and then they were treated with 50 ng/ml EGF for 24 h (B). The levels of the CD44, EGFR, ERK, and β-actin protein expression were analyzed by Western blotting in cell lysates. The levels of the secreted MMP-9 protein expressions were analyzed by zymography of culture media. The results are representative of three independent experiments. Con: control. Magnification, ×400 (scale bar, 10 μm).
