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Review ArticleExperimental StudiesR

Environmental Oestrogens and Breast Cancer: Evidence for Combined Involvement of Dietary, Household and Cosmetic Xenoestrogens

PHILIPPA D. DARBRE and AMELIA K. CHARLES
Anticancer Research March 2010, 30 (3) 815-827;
PHILIPPA D. DARBRE
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  • For correspondence: p.d.darbre@reading.ac.uk
AMELIA K. CHARLES
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Abstract

Many environmental compounds with oestrogenic activity are measurable in the human breast and oestrogen is a known factor in breast cancer development. Exposure to environmental oestrogens occurs through diet, household products and cosmetics, but concentrations of single compounds in breast tissue are generally lower than needed for assayable oestrogenic responses. Results presented here and elsewhere demonstrate that in combination, chemicals can give oestrogenic responses at lower concentrations, which suggests that in the breast, low doses of many compounds could sum to give a significant oestrogenic stimulus. Updated incidence figures show a continued disproportionate incidence of breast cancer in Britain in the upper outer quadrant of the breast which is also the region to which multiple cosmetic chemicals are applied. Conclusion: If exposure to complex mixtures of oestrogenic chemicals in consumer products is a factor in breast cancer development, then a strategy for breast cancer prevention could become possible.

  • Environmental oestrogens
  • breast cancer
  • cosmetics
  • antiperspirant
  • deodorant
  • paraben
  • aluminium
  • organochlorine
  • phytoestrogen
  • breast cysts
  • review

Footnotes

    • Received November 20, 2009.
    • Revision received February 22, 2010.
    • Accepted February 24, 2010.
  • Copyright© 2010 International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. John G. Delinassios), All rights reserved
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Anticancer Research: 30 (3)
Anticancer Research
Vol. 30, Issue 3
March 2010
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Environmental Oestrogens and Breast Cancer: Evidence for Combined Involvement of Dietary, Household and Cosmetic Xenoestrogens
PHILIPPA D. DARBRE, AMELIA K. CHARLES
Anticancer Research Mar 2010, 30 (3) 815-827;

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Environmental Oestrogens and Breast Cancer: Evidence for Combined Involvement of Dietary, Household and Cosmetic Xenoestrogens
PHILIPPA D. DARBRE, AMELIA K. CHARLES
Anticancer Research Mar 2010, 30 (3) 815-827;
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • The case for a Contributory Role of Environmental Oestrogens in Breast Cancer
    • Mechanisms of Action of Environmental Oestrogens
    • Environmental Oestrogenic Organochlorine Compounds
    • Environmental Oestrogens from the Domestic Environment
    • Phytoestrogens in the Diet
    • Oestrogenic Components of Cosmetics
    • Dermal Absorption of Topically Applied Cosmetic Chemicals with Oestrogenic Properties
    • The Disproportionate Incidence of Breast Cancer in the Upper Outer Quadrant, the Region of Underarm Cosmetic Application
    • Cosmetic Chemicals and Benign Breast Disease
    • Evaluation of Long-term Low-dose Exposure to Multiple Oestrogenic Chemicals
    • Genotoxic Activity of Environmental Oestrogens
    • Environmental Oestrogens and Endocrine Therapy
    • The Need for Further Research
    • Acknowledgements
    • Footnotes
    • References
  • Figures & Data
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