Evaluation of the Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Orthodontic Bonding Adhesives upon Human Gingival Papillae through Immunohistochemical Expression of p53, p63 and p16

Representative sections of one case. A, p53 nuclear positivity in all levels of epithelium (×200 magnification). B, Stained nuclei for p63 evident in the basal and medium level of the epithelium (×400 magnification). C, Nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of p16 (×200 magnification). D, Fluorescent in situ hybridation. Arrows indicate no alterations of p16 gene (red spots) nor of centromeric signal of chromosome 9 (green spots).