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Research ArticleClinical Studies

Occult Prostate Cancer Effects the Results of Case-Control Studies Due to Verification Bias

TARO IGUCHI, CHING Y. WANG, NICOLAS B. DELONGCHAMPS, ROBERT SUNHEIMER, TATSUYA NAKATANI, GUSTAVO DE LA ROZA and GABRIEL P. HAAS
Anticancer Research September 2008, 28 (5B) 3007-3010;
TARO IGUCHI
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CHING Y. WANG
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NICOLAS B. DELONGCHAMPS
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ROBERT SUNHEIMER
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TATSUYA NAKATANI
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GUSTAVO DE LA ROZA
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GABRIEL P. HAAS
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  • For correspondence: haasg@upstate.edu
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Abstract

Background: Epidemiological studies of prostate cancer (PCA) which are based on case control comparisons may be effected by verification bias. Verification bias exists when the experimental group has verified PCA, while the control group is presumed to be cancer free, but this is not histologically verified. Materials and Methods: Review of the literature and our recent experience with case-control studies of PCA in an autopsy model. Results: When autopsied prostates were evaluated for cancer based on prostatic specific antigen <4 ng/ml, negative biopsy or both criteria, the contamination rate was 22%, 15% or 12%, respectively. The effect of contamination by occult PCA alters the odds ratio and p-value of the results. Conclusion: It is important to recognize that contamination of the control population by occult carcinomas reduces the reliability of the results. Rigorous characterization of the experimental and control groups is needed in order to preserve the integrity of the conclusions.

  • Prostate cancer
  • polymorphisms
  • autopsy
  • occult cancer
  • prostate-specific antigen

Footnotes

  • Abbreviations: PCA, prostate cancer; MnSOD, manganese superoxide dismutase; PSA, prostate-specific antigen.

  • Received May 19, 2008.
  • Revision received June 17, 2008.
  • Accepted August 6, 2008.
  • Copyright© 2008 International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. John G. Delinassios), All rights reserved
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Anticancer Research: 28 (5B)
Anticancer Research
Vol. 28, Issue 5B
September-October 2008
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Occult Prostate Cancer Effects the Results of Case-Control Studies Due to Verification Bias
TARO IGUCHI, CHING Y. WANG, NICOLAS B. DELONGCHAMPS, ROBERT SUNHEIMER, TATSUYA NAKATANI, GUSTAVO DE LA ROZA, GABRIEL P. HAAS
Anticancer Research Sep 2008, 28 (5B) 3007-3010;

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Occult Prostate Cancer Effects the Results of Case-Control Studies Due to Verification Bias
TARO IGUCHI, CHING Y. WANG, NICOLAS B. DELONGCHAMPS, ROBERT SUNHEIMER, TATSUYA NAKATANI, GUSTAVO DE LA ROZA, GABRIEL P. HAAS
Anticancer Research Sep 2008, 28 (5B) 3007-3010;
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