The mRNA Expression of Inhibitors of DNA Binding-1 and -2 Is Associated with Advanced Tumour Stage and Adverse Clinical Outcome in Human Breast Cancer

Abstract

Inhibitors of DNA binding (ID) are known to have a role in embryogenesis and oncogenesis. In this study, we analyzed the role of ID1 and ID2 in breast cancer, by assessing associations of mRNA expression with clinicopathological parameters. Materials and Methods: Breast cancer tissues (n=152) and adjacent normal tissues (n=31) underwent reverse transcription and quantitative- polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Transcript levels were correlated with clinicopathological data. Results: Patients who were disease–free had significantly lower ID1 mRNA expression than all other patients (p=0.0033). Higher expression was associated with worse disease-free (p=0.001) and overall survival (p=0.02). ID2 expression was directly associated with the Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI) (NPI 2 vs. 3; p=0.0062) and worsening clinical outcome (disease-free vs. mortality: p=0.0004), and with worse disease-free (p=0.01) and overall survival (p=0.005). Conclusion: Our findings are suggestive of a role for ID1 and ID2 in human breast cancer as possible prognostic markers and therapeutic targets meriting further validating investigations, by immunohistochemistry and mechanistic studies.